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The North Carolina State Highway Patrol is the highway patrol agency for North Carolina which has no per-se "state police" agency. The Patrol has jurisdiction anywhere in the state except for federal or military installations. The Highway Patrol was created in 1929 and is a paramilitary organization with a rank structure similar to the armed forces. NCSHP personnel at times conduct formations, inspections, honor guard activities and drill similar to the armed forces drill and ceremonies. Troopers have a reputation in North Carolina for immaculate uniform and grooming standards. The primary mission of the North Carolina State Highway Patrol is to reduce traffic collisions and make the highways of North Carolina as safe as possible. The Highway Patrol is one of the largest divisions of the North Carolina Department of Public Safety other than the Department of Correction (DOC). The patrol's headquarters is located in the DPS headquarters in Raleigh in the Archdale Building downtown. This department also includes the NC State Bureau of Investigations (SBI), NC Alcohol Law Enforcement (ALE), NC Department of Corrections (DOC), which includes probation and parole (Community Corrections), NC Civil Air Patrol, Emergency Management, NC State Capitol Police, and the NC National Guard. Proposals to merge all state law enforcement: current legislative moves in NC advocate a consolidation of agencies within the state, possibly all under the highway patrol, as was done with the DMV Enforcement Section in 2002 (see below), though this is unlikely. Two of the state's three natural conservation law enforcement agencies as one agency and then possibly to put them under the DPS in the same manner that the DMV Enforcement Section was consolidated with the SHP: The NC Marine Fisheries Law Enforcement (Marine Patrol-Fisheries Inspectors) enforces salt water conservation laws mainly in coastal regions, though they occasionally check seafood businesses, shippers and restaurants statewide and pilot boat laws, in addition to powers for other law enforcement. The larger NC Wildlife Enforcement (game warden protectors) enforce inland fish and game laws statewide and all laws on game lands. If the two agencies are consolidated, they would potentially then be put under the DPS. A third conservation agency, the NC State Parks law enforcement rangers may eventually be eyed for consolidation too. Another large state law enforcement agency, the State Bureau of Investigation (SBI), which was part of the NC Department of Justice and answered to the State's elected Attorney general, historically a Democrat, was merged under Public Safety in 2014. SBI agents investigate arson, state civil rights, child daycare crimes and assist local law enforcement agencies as requested. This previous separation of agencies caused political tension when there was a Republican Governor who has no control over the SBI. Most Republican Governors shed SBI protection details and instead use plainclothes troopers who fell under the Governor's direct control. The SBI now answers directly to the governor. The last large state agency is the DMV License and Theft Bureau which has plainclothes special agents (Inspectors) of the Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) of the State department of Transportation who investigate license, registration, title, auto theft and inspection cases, with police powers similar to the SHP. DMV License and Theft Bureau is also being eyed for consolidation with the DPS, possibly as agents or investigators within the SHP. Officials in other agencies fear while they would mostly be sister agencies (not a division of SHP), they could become politically subservient to the SHP, if a total consolidation occurs. Proponents of the move point out that this would save money and resources by consolidating equipment, facilities, badges, weapons, training, uniforms, vehicles and markings and policies. The Highway Patrol has many responsibilities. The primary job of the rank and file trooper is enforcement of state motor vehicle laws through citations for traffic violations and traffic law enforcement, including traffic collision investigation, issuing warning tickets, and finding, arresting, and processing impaired drivers. Troopers also routinely assist local police and sheriff's departments on serious calls and back up other agencies. With a request made to and approved by higher headquarters, troopers also assist local officers and agencies with search warrant executions, mass arrest warrant service and "round-ups" and other requests for help from various agencies. Troopers also set up road checks for drunken drivers. These "checkpoints' result in arrests and citations for drug and weapon charges, DWI, suspended licenses and other crimes. The patrol's air wing and its helicopters routinely assist with manhunts, pursuits and lifesaving emergencies. Because a state trooper is a sworn peace officer, and although their primary duty is traffic enforcement, they assist in the aforementioned duties as they also can perform other law enforcement functions. Troopers are referred to as "members" if they are commissioned, sworn troopers and it is a breach of internal traditional protocol for a NC trooper to claim to "work for" the patrol. Rather, they are taught to proudly state: "I am a member of the Patrol" and refer to themselves only as "Trooper" NC Troopers bristle at being referred to as an "officer". Since its inception in 1929, the NC State Highway Patrol has suffered the most deaths of any law enforcement agency in North Carolina, with 61 Troopers, Patrolmen and DMV Officers having been killed in the line of duty; a large proportion of those have been killed by gunfire. Traffic accidents and aircraft accidents also have claimed numerous lives. With the Patrol being a rather new police agency, this makes the per capita death rate even higher. The Title of Trooper was instituted in 1977, when women were admitted into the ranks and it is considered to be earned by completing and graduating from basic school. DMV Officers were absorbed into the NCSHP by a 2002 legislative change, with DMV enforcement section was previously a separate law enforcement agency. Troopers work alone in an assigned, take-home patrol car and often patrol desolate and isolated multi-county regions with no readily available back up. Training is harsh for recruit cadets to ensure they will be able to meet the rigors of working "the road" alone throughout North Carolina. Troopers serve at locations designated by the patrol commander or his designee. They can be transferred at state expense to any location in the state at any time. Additionally, troopers may pay their transfer expenses and transfer to a vacancy anywhere in the state, if approved by the appropriate commands. Troopers who resign and later are accepted to return to the Patrol must complete the entire basic school again. Several troopers have done so two or even three times in recent history. ==Duties== The State Highway Patrol shall be subject to such orders, rules and regulations as may be adopted by the Secretary of Public Safety, with the approval of the Governor, and shall regularly patrol the highways of the State and enforce all laws and regulations respecting travel and the use of vehicles upon the highways of the State and all laws for the protection of the highways of the State. Troopers are also tasked by statute with securing aircraft crash and accident scenes, pending arrival of federal NTSB, law enforcement or military authorities. To this end, the members of the Patrol are given the power and authority of peace officers for the service of any warrant or other process issuing from any of the courts of the State having criminal jurisdiction, and are likewise authorized to arrest without warrant any person who, in the presence of said officers, is engaged in the violation of any of the laws of the State regulating travel and the use of vehicles upon the highways, or of laws with respect to the protection of the highways, and they shall have jurisdiction anywhere within the State, irrespective of county lines. The State Highway Patrol shall enforce the provisions of G.S. 14-399. The State Highway Patrol shall have full power and authority to perform such additional duties as peace officers as may from time to time be directed by the Governor, and such officers may at any time and without special authority, either upon their own motion or at the request of any sheriff or local police authority, arrest persons accused of highway robbery, bank robbery, murder, or other crimes of violence. The only criminal offenses troopers may not make a warrantless arrest for by statute are non-traffic misdemeanors and non-highway crimes that occur out of the trooper's presence. An interesting historical note is that the clause of the trooper's powers to arrest for bank robbery was specifically inserted during the early 1930s, at the request of the federal government, so that state officers could assist the FBI in combatting the rash of bank robberies during the gangster era of the Great Depression. The NC Highway Patrol was issued close to 100 Thompson .45 caliber submachineguns by the FBI during this period, but they were never issued or fired and remained locked in the patrol's armory at the Training Center in Raleigh, until they were returned to the federal government in the 1980s. The clause of allowing for troopers to "have full power and authority to perform such additional duties as peace officers as may from time to time be directed by the Governor" gives the patrol the ability at the governor's orders to function as a de facto state police agency, though this clause has never fully implemented as an ongoing policy change. Only the NC Alcohol Law Enforcement Agency (ALE), now consolidated with the SBI, a sister agency of the NC Highway Patrol functions as a true state police agency. Other famous ceremonies, crimes and incidents have resulted in massive trooper deployments to various locations statewide and even outside North Carolina. Troopers provide a large contingent at the ceremony inaugurating the NC Governor in Raleigh every 4 years and have worked civil protests at various times. One famous incident was in Warren County, when toxic waste was dumped at a waste site there in 1982. A mass force of troopers was deployed to suppress a bloody prison riot at Central Prison in Raleigh on April 17, 1968 in which 6 inmates died and 75 were injured. In the 1980s, troopers were deployed in contingents in excess of 500 to manhunts for suspects who murdered or shot troopers and law enforcement officers in separate high-profile incidents. Halifax County saw two manhunts on different occasions; one a prison escape from adjacent Virginia concluded in North Carolina, the other the murder of a trooper on a traffic stop on Interstate 95. Other high-profile modern manhunts were conducted involving over 500 troopers in McDowell, Haywood, Madison and Henderson Counties following murders or shootings of troopers in each case, with the suspects fleeing in rugged areas on foot for days. The 1979 murder by rifle fire of 2 Rutherford County sheriff's deputies who answered a domestic disturbance call in Rutherford County near Rutherfordton also claimed the life of NC Trooper R. L. "Pete" Peterson, who was also shot and killed by the suspect after a brief chase. Peterson was unaware of the murder of the deputies and tried to stop the suspect James W. Hutchins, thinking he was a speeder and not knowing he had just murdered 2 deputies. That incident also resulted in hundreds of troopers deploying to Rutherford County for a manhunt and was the largest one-day murder of peace officers in NC history. The tragedy inspired a motion picture "Rutherford County Line" and also changed the way domestic disputes were handled by NC law enforcement officers. The suspect in that case, James W. Hutchins, an unemployed textile worker and former Air Force rifle marksman, was the first NC inmate executed when the death penalty was reinstated by the US Supreme Court in 1977. The Halifax County escape incident was shown on the Discovery Channel in 2009. In 1985, then-NC Governor, Jim Martin mobilized a contingent of over 150 troopers and deployed them to the western NC mountains to Graham County to assist 50 deployed state wildlife officers, in support of federal forest service officers at an 8-week long, illegal mass-gathering in the Nantahala National Forest involving the "Rainbow Family". The incident resulted in over 18,000 persons illegally gathered on federal lands. Hundreds of criminal incidents including rapes, kidnappings, blatant drug and alcohol violations, breaches of the peace, the presence of numerous fugitives, nudity and widespread dangerous moving traffic offenses prompted police intervention and massive media coverage locally, regionally and nationally to the otherwise quiet region. The incident culminated in a violent confrontation with federal and local officers by family members who illegally blocked a USFS road with a fallen log, denying officers access to patrol areas. The Graham County sheriff who had deputies assigned from 3 neighboring counties was still overwhelmed and called the Governor for emergency help. This resulted in a deployment of state troopers and state wildlife officers to assist federal and county officers in retaking control of the Slickrock Road USFS Recreation Area and making mass arrests. A Prison Department bus was deployed to handle the volume of arrested prisoner, who filled local county jails in the western part of the state. Local Graham County residents had never seen so many troopers ever as hundreds of highway patrol cars and wildlife trucks raced through Robbinsville with lights and sirens en route to Slick Rock. The Rainbow people eventually largely left and officers arrested the final group that refused to leave. The 87 Rainbow gathering was the largest non-manhunt deployment of troopers in Western NC history. In the early 1990s, a Highway Patrol helicopter assisted Gastonia police officers in a neighborhood shooting incident, in which the suspect exchanged gunfire with the helicopter. Over 100 troopers and a SHP helicopter from the Asheville airbase deployed to Avery County in 2003 for a standoff with a man charged with murdering an Avery County sheriff's lieutenant and wounding his partner. Troopers work security and traffic control annually at the NC State Fair in Raleigh and at the Western State Fair in Asheville. They also direct traffic at major college football games and at the Charlotte Motor Speedway NASCAR races. A large contingent of troopers were also used as a presence to deter unrest at a special hearing at the Avery County Courthouse in Newland in 2000, when the Sheriff, who was convicted of corruption-related charges was dismissed from office by a superior court judge, resulting in anger by the sheriff's supporters. 9-11 response: The entire sworn staff of the NC Highway Patrol was mobilized and alerted on September 11, 2001, following terror attacks in VA, NYC and PA. The patrol was later tasked with being alert to safeguard nuclear plants, military installations and critical infrastructure in North Carolina. NC Troopers were also been given the distinction to be selected by the US government to deploy to Washington DC and be deputized as special deputy US Marshals, to assist with security at Presidential inaugurations. The Secretary of Public Safety shall direct the officers and members of the State Highway Patrol in the performance of such other duties as may be required for the enforcement of the motor vehicle laws of the State. Members of the State Highway Patrol, in addition to the duties, power and authority herein before given, shall have the authority throughout the State of North Carolina of any police officer in respect to making arrests for any crimes committed in their presence and shall have authority to make arrests for any crime committed on any highway. Regardless of territorial jurisdiction, any member of the State Highway Patrol who initiates an investigation of an accident or collision may not relinquish responsibility for completing the investigation, or for filing criminal charges as appropriate, without clear assurance that another law-enforcement officer or agency has fully undertaken responsibility, and in such cases he shall render reasonable assistance to the succeeding officer or agency if requested.〔http://www.ncleg.net/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_20/Article_4.pdf〕 The NCSHP is the state's ready-response force and can mobilize at least 800 troopers anywhere in the state within 6 hours. Troopers are trained to respond to strikes, disasters, mass protests, riots and other emergencies. Troopers carry an assortment of issued equipment in their vehicles at all times. Troopers all carry a Sig Sauer P226 .357 Sig semi-automatic sidearm, a .12 gauge shotgun and in certain cases, semi or fully automatic weapons. Troopers are currently in the process of transitioning to Smith & Wesson AR-15 rifles. Troopers also carry Oleoresin capsicum OC defensive spray, expandable baton and TASER Electronic Control Device as defensive weapons, which they are trained to use. Troopers are "tased" at the basic school to carry the Taser and are sprayed with OC spray. Troopers are issued individually assigned patrol vehicles which can be a motor cycle with trailer in addition to a patrol car, a patrol car only which may be marked and in some cases unmarked (no more than 17% of the SHP fleet can be unmarked) or SUV-type 4X4 vehicles, especially in mountain regions prone to bitter cold, ice and snow. Troopers' vehicles are routinely inspected along with equipment and troopers take pride in keeping their vehicles and equipment clean and functional. Each troop of the 8 headquarters complexes have a communications center (with certain outlying radio sub-centers in some areas) and patrol garages that solely care for and maintain trooper's vehicles and radios. The used patrol vehicles are well known in the state to be cared for and well-maintained and are sought after by smaller law enforcement agencies for bid purchase in a second life as a local police or county patrol car. The NC Highway Patrol, like other state and county law enforcement agencies, does not have territorial jurisdiction on Cherokee Indian tribal lands in western North Carolina. Because this land is exclusively under federal law enforcement and tribal police jurisdiction, troopers who are assigned to that area are commissioned as "special officers" of the US Bureau of Indian Affairs, which grants troopers federal officer status andjurisdiction, which in turn allows troopers to assist tribal police and federal authorities as needed and to make arrests and issue citations in tribal or federal court. The Patrol also does not have jurisdiction on federal military installations in North Carolina except for concurrent jurisdiction on certain state highways that pass through Fort Bragg and on several inactive Marine Corps Airfields in the Eastern part of the State. The NCSHP has full police powers on the NC portion of the Blue Ridge Parkway, in all US Park Service and Wildlife Preserve lands and on all US Forest Service lands in North Carolina. Troopers often assist US Park and Forest Service law enforcement rangers in the performance of their duties. The patrol's statewide radio system was the first such system in the state and was first one way and then two-way. Today, troopers use little verbal communication by radio and instead use mobile data terminals (MDT's) which include portable laptop computers which allows troopers to check NCIC national criminal records, to complete collision reports, issue citations and perform other work electronically which is transmitted to area headquarters, alleviating hand-written reports. The NCSHP radio system is also used by other state agencies except the NC Wildlife Enforcement Division, which has its own statewide radio system for wildlife officers and state park rangers. It is headquartered in Raleigh. Federal agencies such as the FBI, US Marshals and US Secret Service also use the NCSHP radio system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North Carolina State Highway Patrol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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